NAG C Library Function Document

nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc)

1
Purpose

nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) computes an estimate of a multidimensional integral (from 1 to 20 dimensions), given the analytic form of the integrand and suitable Gaussian weights and abscissae.

2
Specification

#include <nag.h>
#include <nagd01.h>
double  nag_quad_md_gauss (Integer ndim, const Integer nptvec[], Integer lwa, const double weight[], const double abscis[],
double (*fun)(Integer ndim, const double x[], Nag_Comm *comm),
Nag_Comm *comm, NagError *fail)

3
Description

nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) approximates a multidimensional integral by evaluating the summation
i1=1l1 w 1,i1 i2=1l2 w2,i2 in=1ln wn,in f x 1 , i1 , x 2 , i2 ,, x n , in  
given the weights wj,ij and abscissae xj,ij for a multidimensional product integration rule (see Davis and Rabinowitz (1975)). The number of dimensions may be anything from 1 to 20.
The weights and abscissae for each dimension must have been placed in successive segments of the arrays weight and abscis; for example, by calling nag_quad_1d_gauss_wset (d01tbc) or nag_quad_1d_gauss_wgen (d01tcc) once for each dimension using a quadrature formula and number of abscissae appropriate to the range of each xj and to the functional dependence of f on xj.
If normal weights are used, the summation will approximate the integral
w1x1w2x2wnxnf x1,x2,,xn dxndx2dx1  
where wjx is the weight function associated with the quadrature formula chosen for the jth dimension; while if adjusted weights are used, the summation will approximate the integral
fx1,x2,,xndxndx2dx1.  
You must supply a function to evaluate
fx1,x2,,xn  
at any values of x1,x2,,xn within the range of integration.

4
References

Davis P J and Rabinowitz P (1975) Methods of Numerical Integration Academic Press

5
Arguments

1:     ndim IntegerInput
On entry: n, the number of dimensions of the integral.
Constraint: 1ndim20.
2:     nptvec[ndim] const IntegerInput
On entry: nptvec[j-1] must specify the number of points in the jth dimension of the summation, for j=1,2,,n.
3:     lwa IntegerInput
On entry: the dimension of the arrays weight and abscis.
Constraint: lwanptvec[0]+nptvec[1]++nptvec[ndim-1].
4:     weight[lwa] const doubleInput
On entry: must contain in succession the weights for the various dimensions, i.e., weight[k-1] contains the ith weight for the jth dimension, with
k=nptvec[0]+nptvec[1]++nptvec[j-2]+i.  
5:     abscis[lwa] const doubleInput
On entry: must contain in succession the abscissae for the various dimensions, i.e., abscis[k-1] contains the ith abscissa for the jth dimension, with
k=nptvec[0]+nptvec[1]++nptvec[j-2]+i.  
6:     fun function, supplied by the userExternal Function
fun must return the value of the integrand f at a specified point.
The specification of fun is:
double  fun (Integer ndim, const double x[], Nag_Comm *comm)
1:     ndim IntegerInput
On entry: n, the number of dimensions of the integral.
2:     x[ndim] const doubleInput
On entry: the coordinates of the point at which the integrand f must be evaluated.
3:     comm Nag_Comm *
Pointer to structure of type Nag_Comm; the following members are relevant to fun.
userdouble *
iuserInteger *
pPointer 
The type Pointer will be void *. Before calling nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) you may allocate memory and initialize these pointers with various quantities for use by fun when called from nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) (see Section 3.3.1.1 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation).
Note: fun should not return floating-point NaN (Not a Number) or infinity values, since these are not handled by nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc). If your code inadvertently does return any NaNs or infinities, nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) is likely to produce unexpected results.
7:     comm Nag_Comm *
The NAG communication argument (see Section 3.3.1.1 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation).
8:     fail NagError *Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 3.7 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation).

6
Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 2.3.1.2 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, ndim=value.
Constraint: ndim20.
On entry, ndim=value.
Constraint: ndim1.
NE_INT_2
On entry, lwa is too small. lwa=value. Minimum possible dimension: value.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 2.7.6 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 2.7.5 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.

7
Accuracy

The accuracy of the computed multidimensional sum depends on the weights and the integrand values at the abscissae. If these numbers vary significantly in size and sign then considerable accuracy could be lost. If these numbers are all positive, then little accuracy will be lost in computing the sum.

8
Parallelism and Performance

nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) is not threaded in any implementation.

9
Further Comments

The total time taken by nag_quad_md_gauss (d01fbc) will be proportional to
T×nptvec[0]×nptvec[1]××nptvec[ndim-1],  
where T is the time taken for one evaluation of fun.

10
Example

This example evaluates the integral
120-1 x1x2x3 6 x4+2 8e-2x2e-0.5x32dx4dx3dx2dx1  
using adjusted weights. The quadrature formulae chosen are:
Four points are sufficient in each dimension, as this integral is in fact a product of four one-dimensional integrals, for each of which the chosen four-point formula is exact.

10.1
Program Text

Program Text (d01fbce.c)

10.2
Program Data

None.

10.3
Program Results

Program Results (d01fbce.r)