# NAG C Library Function Document

## 1Purpose

nag_dormrq (f08ckc) multiplies a general real $m$ by $n$ matrix $C$ by the real orthogonal matrix $Q$ from an $RQ$ factorization computed by nag_dgerqf (f08chc).

## 2Specification

 #include #include
 void nag_dormrq (Nag_OrderType order, Nag_SideType side, Nag_TransType trans, Integer m, Integer n, Integer k, double a[], Integer pda, const double tau[], double c[], Integer pdc, NagError *fail)

## 3Description

nag_dormrq (f08ckc) is intended to be used following a call to nag_dgerqf (f08chc), which performs an $RQ$ factorization of a real matrix $A$ and represents the orthogonal matrix $Q$ as a product of elementary reflectors.
This function may be used to form one of the matrix products
 $QC , QTC , CQ , CQT ,$
overwriting the result on $C$, which may be any real rectangular $m$ by $n$ matrix.
A common application of this function is in solving underdetermined linear least squares problems, as described in the f08 Chapter Introduction, and illustrated in Section 10 in nag_dgerqf (f08chc).

## 4References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

## 5Arguments

1:    $\mathbf{order}$Nag_OrderTypeInput
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$. See Section 3.3.1.3 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$.
2:    $\mathbf{side}$Nag_SideTypeInput
On entry: indicates how $Q$ or ${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is to be applied to $C$.
${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$
$Q$ or ${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is applied to $C$ from the left.
${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$
$Q$ or ${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is applied to $C$ from the right.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$.
3:    $\mathbf{trans}$Nag_TransTypeInput
On entry: indicates whether $Q$ or ${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is to be applied to $C$.
${\mathbf{trans}}=\mathrm{Nag_NoTrans}$
$Q$ is applied to $C$.
${\mathbf{trans}}=\mathrm{Nag_Trans}$
${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ is applied to $C$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{trans}}=\mathrm{Nag_NoTrans}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Trans}$.
4:    $\mathbf{m}$IntegerInput
On entry: $m$, the number of rows of the matrix $C$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
5:    $\mathbf{n}$IntegerInput
On entry: $n$, the number of columns of the matrix $C$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
6:    $\mathbf{k}$IntegerInput
On entry: $k$, the number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix $Q$.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$, ${\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$;
• if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$, ${\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$.
7:    $\mathbf{a}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$doubleInput/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pda}}×{\mathbf{m}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$ and ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{k}}×{\mathbf{pda}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$ and ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pda}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$ and ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{k}}×{\mathbf{pda}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$ and ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $A$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{a}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pda}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{a}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pda}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: the $\mathit{i}$th row of a must contain the vector which defines the elementary reflector ${H}_{\mathit{i}}$, for $\mathit{i}=1,2,\dots ,k$, as returned by nag_dgerqf (f08chc).
On exit: is modified by nag_dormrq (f08ckc) but restored on exit.
8:    $\mathbf{pda}$IntegerInput
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{k}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$,
• if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
9:    $\mathbf{tau}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$const doubleInput
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array tau must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{k}}\right)$.
On entry: ${\mathbf{tau}}\left[i-1\right]$ must contain the scalar factor of the elementary reflector ${H}_{i}$, as returned by nag_dgerqf (f08chc).
10:  $\mathbf{c}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$doubleInput/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array c must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pdc}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}×{\mathbf{pdc}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $C$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{c}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdc}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{c}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdc}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: the $m$ by $n$ matrix $C$.
On exit: c is overwritten by $QC$ or ${Q}^{\mathrm{T}}C$ or $CQ$ or $C{Q}^{\mathrm{T}}$ as specified by side and trans.
11:  $\mathbf{pdc}$IntegerInput
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array c.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pdc}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pdc}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
12:  $\mathbf{fail}$NagError *Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 3.7 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 2.3.1.2 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
On entry, argument $〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_ENUM_INT_3
On entry, ${\mathbf{side}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{k}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$, ${\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$;
if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$, ${\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{side}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$;
if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}>0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdc}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdc}}>0$.
NE_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{k}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{k}}\right)$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdc}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdc}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdc}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdc}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 2.7.6 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 2.7.5 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.

## 7Accuracy

The computed result differs from the exact result by a matrix $E$ such that
 $E2 = O⁡ε C2$
where $\epsilon$ is the machine precision.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

nag_dormrq (f08ckc) makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the x06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

The total number of floating-point operations is approximately $2nk\left(2m-k\right)$ if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_LeftSide}$ and $2mk\left(2n-k\right)$ if ${\mathbf{side}}=\mathrm{Nag_RightSide}$.