NAG C Library Function Document

nag_erfcx (s15agc)

1
Purpose

nag_erfcx (s15agc) returns the value of the scaled complementary error function erfcxx.

2
Specification

#include <nag.h>
#include <nags.h>
double  nag_erfcx (double x, NagError *fail)

3
Description

nag_erfcx (s15agc) calculates an approximate value for the scaled complementary error function
erfcxx = e x2 erfcx = 2 π e x2 x e -t2 dt = e x2 1- erfx .  
Let x^ be the root of the equation erfcx-erfx=0 (then x^0.46875). For xx^ the value of erfcxx is based on the following rational Chebyshev expansion for erfx:
erfx xR,m x2 ,  
where R,m denotes a rational function of degree  in the numerator and m in the denominator.
For x>x^ the value of erfcxx is based on a rational Chebyshev expansion for erfcx: for x^<x4 the value is based on the expansion
erfcx ex2 R,m x ;  
and for x>4 it is based on the expansion
erfcx ex2x 1π + 1x2 R,m 1/x2 .  
For each expansion, the specific values of  and m are selected to be minimal such that the maximum relative error in the expansion is of the order 10-d, where d is the maximum number of decimal digits that can be accurately represented for the particular implementation (see nag_decimal_digits (X02BEC)).
Asymptotically, erfcxx1/πx. There is a danger of setting underflow in erfcxx whenever xxhi=minxhuge,1/πxtiny, where xhuge is the largest positive model number (see nag_real_largest_number (X02ALC)) and xtiny is the smallest positive model number (see nag_real_smallest_number (X02AKC)). In this case nag_erfcx (s15agc) exits with fail.code= NW_HI and returns erfcxx=0. For x in the range 1/2εx<xhi, where ε is the machine precision, the asymptotic value 1/πx is returned for erfcxx and nag_erfcx (s15agc) exits with fail.code= NW_REAL.
There is a danger of setting overflow in ex2 whenever x<xneg=-logxhuge/2. In this case nag_erfcx (s15agc) exits with fail.code= NW_NEG and returns erfcxx=xhuge.
The values of xhi, 1/2ε and xneg are given in the Users' Note for your implementation.

4
References

NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
Cody W J (1969) Rational Chebyshev approximations for the error function Math.Comp. 23 631–637

5
Arguments

1:     x doubleInput
On entry: the argument x of the function.
2:     fail NagError *Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 3.7 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation).

6
Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 2.3.1.2 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 2.7.6 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 2.7.5 in How to Use the NAG Library and its Documentation for further information.
NW_HI
On entry, x=value and the constant xhi=value.
Constraint: x<xhi.
NW_NEG
On entry, x=value and the constant xneg=value.
Constraint: xxneg.
NW_REAL
On entry, x was in the interval value,value where erfcxx is approximately 1/π×x: x=value.

7
Accuracy

The relative error in computing erfcxx may be estimated by evaluating
E= erfcxx - ex2 n=1 Inerfcx erfcxx ,  
where In denotes repeated integration. Empirical results suggest that on the interval x^,2 the loss in base b significant digits for maximum relative error is around 3.3, while for root-mean-square relative error on that interval it is 1.2 (see nag_real_base (X02BHC) for the definition of the model parameter b). On the interval 2,20 the values are around 3.5 for maximum and 0.45 for root-mean-square relative errors; note that on these two intervals erfcx is the primary computation. See also Section 7 in nag_erfc (s15adc).

8
Parallelism and Performance

nag_erfcx (s15agc) is not threaded in any implementation.

9
Further Comments

None.

10
Example

This example reads values of the argument x from a file, evaluates the function at each value of x and prints the results.

10.1
Program Text

Program Text (s15agce.c)

10.2
Program Data

Program Data (s15agce.d)

10.3
Program Results

Program Results (s15agce.r)