NAG Library Routine Document
C06PJF
1 Purpose
C06PJF computes the multidimensional discrete Fourier transform of a multivariate sequence of complex data values.
2 Specification
INTEGER |
NDIM, ND(NDIM), N, LWORK, IFAIL |
COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) |
X(N), WORK(LWORK) |
CHARACTER(1) |
DIRECT |
|
3 Description
C06PJF computes the multidimensional discrete Fourier transform of a multidimensional sequence of complex data values
z
j1
j2
…
jm
, where
j1
=
0
,
1
,…,
n1-1
,
j2
=
0
,
1
,…,
n2-1
, and so on. Thus the individual dimensions are
n1
,
n2
,…,
nm
, and the total number of data values is
n
=
n1
×
n2
×⋯×
nm
.
The discrete Fourier transform is here defined (e.g., for
m=2
) by:
where
k1
=
0
,
1
,…,
n1-1
and
k2
=
0
,
1
,…,
n2-1
. The plus or minus sign in the argument of the exponential terms in the above definition determine the direction of the transform: a minus sign defines the
forward direction and a plus sign defines the
backward direction.
The extension to higher dimensions is obvious. (Note the scale factor of
1n
in this definition.)
A call of C06PJF with DIRECT='F' followed by a call with DIRECT='B' will restore the original data.
The data values must be supplied in a one-dimensional array using column-major storage ordering of multidimensional data (i.e., with the first subscript
j1
varying most rapidly).
This routine
calls
C06PRF to perform one-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms. Hence, the routine
uses a variant of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm (see
Brigham (1974)) known as the Stockham self-sorting algorithm, which is described in
Temperton (1983).
4 References
Brigham E O (1974)
The Fast Fourier Transform Prentice–Hall
Temperton C (1983) Self-sorting mixed-radix fast Fourier transforms
J. Comput. Phys. 52 1–23
5 Parameters
- 1: DIRECT – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: if the forward transform as defined in
Section 3 is to be computed, then
DIRECT must be set equal to 'F'.
If the backward transform is to be computed then
DIRECT must be set equal to 'B'.
Constraint:
DIRECT='F' or 'B'.
- 2: NDIM – INTEGERInput
On entry: m, the number of dimensions (or variables) in the multivariate data.
Constraint:
NDIM≥1.
- 3: ND(NDIM) – INTEGER arrayInput
On entry: the elements of
ND must contain the dimensions of the
NDIM variables; that is,
NDi must contain the dimension of the
ith variable.
Constraints:
- NDi≥1, for i=1,2,…,NDIM;
- NDi must have less than 31 prime factors (counting repetitions), for i=1,2,…,NDIM.
- 4: N – INTEGERInput
On entry: n, the total number of data values.
Constraint:
N must equal the product of the first
NDIM elements of the array
ND.
- 5: X(N) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
On entry: the complex data values. Data values are stored in
X using column-major ordering for storing multidimensional arrays; that is,
z j1 j2 ⋯ jm is stored in
X 1 + j1 + n1 j2 + n1 n2 j3 + ⋯ .
On exit: the corresponding elements of the computed transform.
- 6: WORK(LWORK) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
The workspace requirements as documented for C06PJF may be an overestimate in some implementations.
On exit: the real part of
WORK1 contains the minimum workspace required for the current value of
N with this implementation.
- 7: LWORK – INTEGERInput
On entry: the dimension of the array
WORK as declared in the (sub)program from which C06PJF is called.
Suggested value:
LWORK ≥ N+3 × maxNDi + 15, where i= 1, 2, …, NDIM
- 8: IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output
-
On entry:
IFAIL must be set to
0,
-1 or 1. If you are unfamiliar with this parameter you should refer to
Section 3.3 in the Essential Introduction for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value
-1 or 1 is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value
1 is recommended. Otherwise, if you are not familiar with this parameter, the recommended value is
0.
When the value -1 or 1 is used it is essential to test the value of IFAIL on exit.
On exit:
IFAIL=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see
Section 6).
6 Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry
IFAIL=0 or
-1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by
X04AAF).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
- IFAIL=1
-
- IFAIL=2
-
On entry, | DIRECT≠'F' or 'B'. |
- IFAIL=3
-
On entry, | at least one of the first NDIM elements of ND is less than 1. |
- IFAIL=4
-
On entry, | N does not equal the product of the first NDIM elements of ND. |
- IFAIL=5
-
On entry, | LWORK is too small. The minimum amount of workspace required is returned in WORK1. |
- IFAIL=6
-
On entry, | NDi has more than 30 prime factors for some i. |
- IFAIL=7
-
An unexpected error has occurred in an internal call. Check all subroutine calls and array dimensions. Seek expert help.
7 Accuracy
Some indication of accuracy can be obtained by performing a subsequent inverse transform and comparing the results with the original sequence (in exact arithmetic they would be identical).
8 Further Comments
The time taken is approximately proportional to
n×logn
, but also depends on the factorization of the individual dimensions
NDi
. C06PJF is faster if the only prime factors are 2, 3 or 5; and fastest of all if they are powers of 2.
9 Example
This example reads in a bivariate sequence of complex data values and prints the two-dimensional Fourier transform. It then performs an inverse transform and prints the sequence so obtained, which may be compared to the original data values.
9.1 Program Text
Program Text (c06pjfe.f90)
9.2 Program Data
Program Data (c06pjfe.d)
9.3 Program Results
Program Results (c06pjfe.r)