NAG Library Routine Document
F07AVF (ZGERFS)
1 Purpose
F07AVF (ZGERFS) returns error bounds for the solution of a complex system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides, AX=B, ATX=B or AHX=B. It improves the solution by iterative refinement, in order to reduce the backward error as much as possible.
2 Specification
SUBROUTINE F07AVF ( |
TRANS, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO) |
INTEGER |
N, NRHS, LDA, LDAF, IPIV(*), LDB, LDX, INFO |
REAL (KIND=nag_wp) |
FERR(NRHS), BERR(NRHS), RWORK(N) |
COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) |
A(LDA,*), AF(LDAF,*), B(LDB,*), X(LDX,*), WORK(2*N) |
CHARACTER(1) |
TRANS |
|
The routine may be called by its
LAPACK
name zgerfs.
3 Description
F07AVF (ZGERFS) returns the backward errors and estimated bounds on the forward errors for the solution of a complex system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides AX=B, ATX=B or AHX=B. The routine handles each right-hand side vector (stored as a column of the matrix B) independently, so we describe the function of F07AVF (ZGERFS) in terms of a single right-hand side b and solution x.
Given a computed solution
x, the routine computes the
component-wise backward error
β. This is the size of the smallest relative perturbation in each element of
A and
b such that
x is the exact solution of a perturbed system
Then the routine estimates a bound for the
component-wise forward error in the computed solution, defined by:
where
x^ is the true solution.
For details of the method, see the
F07 Chapter Introduction.
4 References
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996)
Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
5 Parameters
- 1: TRANS – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: indicates the form of the linear equations for which
X is the computed solution as follows:
- TRANS='N'
- The linear equations are of the form AX=B.
- TRANS='T'
- The linear equations are of the form ATX=B.
- TRANS='C'
- The linear equations are of the form AHX=B.
Constraint:
TRANS='N', 'T' or 'C'.
- 2: N – INTEGERInput
On entry: n, the order of the matrix A.
Constraint:
N≥0.
- 3: NRHS – INTEGERInput
On entry: r, the number of right-hand sides.
Constraint:
NRHS≥0.
- 4: A(LDA,*) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
A
must be at least
max1,N.
On entry: the
n by
n original matrix
A as supplied to
F07ARF (ZGETRF).
- 5: LDA – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
A as declared in the (sub)program from which F07AVF (ZGERFS) is called.
Constraint:
LDA≥max1,N.
- 6: AF(LDAF,*) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
AF
must be at least
max1,N.
On entry: the
LU factorization of
A, as returned by
F07ARF (ZGETRF).
- 7: LDAF – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
AF as declared in the (sub)program from which F07AVF (ZGERFS) is called.
Constraint:
LDAF≥max1,N.
- 8: IPIV(*) – INTEGER arrayInput
-
Note: the dimension of the array
IPIV
must be at least
max1,N.
On entry: the pivot indices, as returned by
F07ARF (ZGETRF).
- 9: B(LDB,*) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
B
must be at least
max1,NRHS.
On entry: the n by r right-hand side matrix B.
- 10: LDB – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
B as declared in the (sub)program from which F07AVF (ZGERFS) is called.
Constraint:
LDB≥max1,N.
- 11: X(LDX,*) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
-
Note: the second dimension of the array
X
must be at least
max1,NRHS.
On entry: the
n by
r solution matrix
X, as returned by
F07ASF (ZGETRS).
On exit: the improved solution matrix X.
- 12: LDX – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array
X as declared in the (sub)program from which F07AVF (ZGERFS) is called.
Constraint:
LDX≥max1,N.
- 13: FERR(NRHS) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: FERRj contains an estimated error bound for the jth solution vector, that is, the jth column of X, for j=1,2,…,r.
- 14: BERR(NRHS) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: BERRj contains the component-wise backward error bound β for the jth solution vector, that is, the jth column of X, for j=1,2,…,r.
- 15: WORK(2×N) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
- 16: RWORK(N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
- 17: INFO – INTEGEROutput
On exit:
INFO=0 unless the routine detects an error (see
Section 6).
6 Error Indicators and Warnings
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
- INFO<0
If INFO=-i, the ith parameter had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.
7 Accuracy
The bounds returned in
FERR are not rigorous, because they are estimated, not computed exactly; but in practice they almost always overestimate the actual error.
8 Further Comments
For each right-hand side, computation of the backward error involves a minimum of 16n2 real floating point operations. Each step of iterative refinement involves an additional 24n2 real operations. At most five steps of iterative refinement are performed, but usually only one or two steps are required.
Estimating the forward error involves solving a number of systems of linear equations of the form Ax=b or AHx=b; the number is usually 5 and never more than 11. Each solution involves approximately 8n2 real operations.
The real analogue of this routine is
F07AHF (DGERFS).
9 Example
This example solves the system of equations
AX=B using iterative refinement and to compute the forward and backward error bounds, where
and
Here
A is nonsymmetric and must first be factorized by
F07ARF (ZGETRF).
9.1 Program Text
Program Text (f07avfe.f90)
9.2 Program Data
Program Data (f07avfe.d)
9.3 Program Results
Program Results (f07avfe.r)