G05KKF (PDF version)
G05 Chapter Contents
G05 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

NAG Library Routine Document

G05KKF

Note:  before using this routine, please read the Users' Note for your implementation to check the interpretation of bold italicised terms and other implementation-dependent details.

 Contents

    1  Purpose
    7  Accuracy

1  Purpose

G05KKF allows for the generation of multiple, independent, sequences of pseudorandom numbers using the skip-ahead method. The base pseudorandom number sequence defined by STATE is advanced 2n places.

2  Specification

SUBROUTINE G05KKF ( N, STATE, IFAIL)
INTEGER  N, STATE(*), IFAIL

3  Description

G05KKF adjusts a base generator to allow multiple, independent, sequences of pseudorandom numbers to be generated via the skip-ahead method (see the G05 Chapter Introduction for details).
If, prior to calling G05KKF the base generator defined by STATE would produce random numbers x1 , x2 , x3 , , then after calling G05KKF the generator will produce random numbers x2n+1 , x2n+2 , x2n+3 , .
One of the initialization routines G05KFF (for a repeatable sequence if computed sequentially) or G05KGF (for a non-repeatable sequence) must be called prior to the first call to G05KKF.
The skip-ahead algorithm can be used in conjunction with any of the six base generators discussed in the G05 Chapter Introduction.

4  References

Haramoto H, Matsumoto M, Nishimura T, Panneton F and L'Ecuyer P (2008) Efficient jump ahead for F2-linear random number generators INFORMS J. on Computing 20(3) 385–390
Knuth D E (1981) The Art of Computer Programming (Volume 2) (2nd Edition) Addison–Wesley

5  Parameters

1:     N – INTEGERInput
On entry: n, where the number of places to skip-ahead is defined as 2n.
Constraint: N0.
2:     STATE* – INTEGER arrayCommunication Array
Note: the actual argument supplied must be the array STATE supplied to the initialization routines G05KFF or G05KGF.
On entry: contains information on the selected base generator and its current state.
On exit: contains updated information on the state of the generator.
3:     IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output
On entry: IFAIL must be set to 0, -1​ or ​1. If you are unfamiliar with this parameter you should refer to Section 3.3 in the Essential Introduction for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value -1​ or ​1 is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value 1 is recommended. Otherwise, if you are not familiar with this parameter, the recommended value is 0. When the value -1​ or ​1 is used it is essential to test the value of IFAIL on exit.
On exit: IFAIL=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6  Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry IFAIL=0 or -1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by X04AAF).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
IFAIL=1
On entry, N=value.
Constraint: N0.
IFAIL=2
On entry, STATE vector has been corrupted or not initialized.
IFAIL=3
On entry, cannot use skip-ahead with the base generator defined by STATE.
IFAIL=4
On entry, the STATE vector defined on initialization is not large enough to perform a skip-ahead (applies to Mersenne Twister base generator). See the initialization routine G05KFF or G05KGF.
IFAIL=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 3.8 in the Essential Introduction for further information.
IFAIL=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 3.7 in the Essential Introduction for further information.
IFAIL=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.6 in the Essential Introduction for further information.

7  Accuracy

Not applicable.

8  Parallelism and Performance

Not applicable.

9  Further Comments

Calling G05KKF and then generating a series of uniform values using G05SAF is equivalent to, but more efficient than, calling G05SAF and discarding the first 2n values. This may not be the case for distributions other than the uniform, as some distributional generators require more than one uniform variate to generate a single draw from the required distribution.

10  Example

This example initializes a base generator using G05KFF and then uses G05KKF to advance the sequence 217 places before generating five variates from a uniform distribution using G05SAF.

10.1  Program Text

Program Text (g05kkfe.f90)

10.2  Program Data

Program Data (g05kkfe.d)

10.3  Program Results

Program Results (g05kkfe.r)


G05KKF (PDF version)
G05 Chapter Contents
G05 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

© The Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2015